Before Public Gardens & Parks - Elites at The Escorial, near Madrid,

Attributed to Louis de Caullery (Dutch-Flemish artist, 1555-1622) In the Gardens at The Escorial, near Madrid, Spain. Note: Few, if any, women are depicted on the lower level immediately in front of the entrance to The Escorial, and few are on the upper level.

Louis de Caullery (Dutch-Flemish artist, 1555-1622) also known as Luis de Koller, Luis de Kaulleri, Louis de Coulery, specialized in genre, allegory, architecture, & landscape painting.  Like many Flemish artists of the period, he had traveled to & worked in Italy. A circle of like-minded artists gathered around him in Antwerp, painting scenes of banquets, balls, carnivals, & other celebrations often in gardens. The architecture & the parterres of the gardens are precisely drawn, often in skillfully telescoped perspective.